地鐵施工法:明挖法
地鐵施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的確定,必(bi)須(xu)因地制宜、統(tong)籌兼顧、選擇(ze)技術(shu)可靠、水平先進、經濟合理(li)的斷面型(xing)式和(he)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),一般來講,地下(xia)車站有明挖(wa)(wa)、蓋挖(wa)(wa)和(he)暗挖(wa)(wa)三種方(fang)(fang)法(fa),隧道有明挖(wa)(wa)和(he)暗挖(wa)(wa)兩種施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。小編今天(tian)就詳(xiang)細講解一下(xia)明挖(wa)(wa)法(fa)。
1、 明挖法
明挖法(fa)是指(zhi)挖開地面(mian)(mian),由(you)上(shang)向(xiang)下(xia)開挖土石方(fang)至設(she)計(ji)標高后,自基底由(you)下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang)順作(zuo)施工(gong)(gong),完成隧道主體構(gou)造(zao),最后回填基坑或恢(hui)復地面(mian)(mian)的施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。明挖法(fa)施工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序一般(ban)可以(yi)分為4大(da)步:維護(hu)〔圍護(hu)〕構(gou)造(zao)施工(gong)(gong)→內部(bu)土方(fang)開挖→工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)構(gou)造(zao)施工(gong)(gong)→管線恢(hui)復及(ji)覆(fu)土。
明(ming)(ming)挖(wa)施工(gong)的特點是可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)用于各(ge)種不(bu)同的地(di)質情況,減(jian)少線路(lu)埋深(shen),施工(gong)工(gong)藝簡(jian)單,技術成(cheng)熟(shu)。由于地(di)鐵線路(lu)一(yi)般都在城(cheng)市的主干道(dao)(dao)上或居(ju)(ju)民(min)密(mi)集區地(di)帶,這給(gei)明(ming)(ming)挖(wa)法(fa)施工(gong)增加了難度,就是如(ru)(ru)何減(jian)少對地(di)面(mian)交通的干擾,如(ru)(ru)何防止對城(cheng)市居(ju)(ju)民(min)生活的影響,以(yi)及(ji)地(di)下管(guan)線的密(mi)集程度,這已關(guan)系到明(ming)(ming)挖(wa)施工(gong)法(fa)能否成(cheng)立的關(guan)鍵。區間隧道(dao)(dao)大(da)局部都在道(dao)(dao)路(lu)下方(fang)行(xing)走,不(bu)適(shi)宜采用明(ming)(ming)挖(wa)法(fa)施工(gong),僅在高架線到地(di)下線的過(guo)渡段,以(yi)及(ji)特殊地(di)段采用。