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LM系列反井鉆機介紹及反井鉆井技術發展

  • 發布時間:2022-06-29
  • 發布者: 小編
  • 來源: 本站
  • 閱讀量:453

概況:在(zai)LM系(xi)列反(fan)井(jing)鉆機(ji)設備和工藝技(ji)術上取(qu)得較大進步,為(wei)(wei)了(le)適應煤炭、水(shui)電等深井(jing)工程建設的(de)需(xu)要,由研制成LM-400型、LM-300型反(fan)井(jing)鉆機(ji),和用于(yu)抗壓(ya)強度達到300MPa的(de)極硬巖(yan)滾刀,為(wei)(wei)拓展反(fan)井(jing)鉆井(jing)技(ji)術應用打(da)下基礎。

LM系列反井鉆機

  1.反井鉆機應用

 

  反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)20世(shi)紀五十到六十年(nian)代出現在(zai)(zai)美國和德國采(cai)礦(kuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)領域,它(ta)是將(jiang)隧(sui)道掘進機(ji)(ji)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)法鑿(zao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)結合形成的井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設備,用(yong)(yong)于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)山地下暗井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、溜井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、礦(kuang)倉等導井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。我國在(zai)(zai)八十年(nian)代將(jiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)于煤礦(kuang)地下工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中,煤炭(tan)科學研究總院研制出LM系列(lie)反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji),其中LM-120型反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)1986年(nian)第(di)一次(ci)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)開灤(luan)趙(zhao)各莊礦(kuang),LM-200型反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)1992年(nian)4月首次(ci)將(jiang)LM-200型反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于十三陵(ling)抽水蓄(xu)能電站(zhan)(zhan),完成直(zhi)徑1.4m深度(du)158m出現豎井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)導井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong),到目前(qian)反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)先(xian)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)各大(da)礦(kuang)務局(礦(kuang)業集(ji)團公司),十幾個水電站(zhan)(zhan)和抽水蓄(xu)能電站(zhan)(zhan)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong),最大(da)豎井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)深度(du)316m,最大(da)斜井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)長度(du)236m(傾角(jiao)50度(du)),由(you)于反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術具有安全、快速、高質量等優勢,得到地下工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設者(zhe)的歡(huan)迎。

 

  2.LM系列反井(jing)鉆機

 

  LM系(xi)列反井(jing)鉆機包(bao)括LM-90型、LM-200型和LM-200型,原設(she)(she)計(ji)主(zhu)要是為煤(mei)炭系(xi)統中(zhong)硬巖石(小(xiao)于(yu)100MPa)、深(shen)(shen)度小(xiao)于(yu)200m,直徑(jing)0.9--1.2-1.4m的反井(jing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),雖然在實際工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)應用中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)完成(cheng)深(shen)(shen)度、巖石硬度都超過設(she)(she)計(ji)的豎井(jing)和斜井(jing),但施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)大大降(jiang)低,事(shi)故率也(ye)(ye)大大增(zeng)加,難以滿足(zu)快速建設(she)(she)煤(mei)炭、水(shui)電深(shen)(shen)井(jing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的目的。LM系(xi)列反井(jing)鉆機設(she)(she)計(ji)主(zhu)要意圖(tu)有(you):

   盡量減輕(qing)設備重量和(he)體(ti)積,便于井筒(tong)內提升下放和(he)井下運輸;

   要(yao)滿足(zu)煤(mei)礦井下(xia)有(you)瓦斯、煤(mei)塵條件下(xia)防爆要(yao)求;

   煤炭沉積地層巖石(shi)一般(ban)礦壓強度較低(di),單(dan)軸抗壓強度小(xiao)于(yu)100MPa;

   鉆孔(kong)直徑小于(yu)1.4m到2.0m,鉆孔(kong)深度(du)小于(yu)200m:


   3.LM系列反井鉆機完成的部分工程(cheng)

   反井鉆機可以應用在地下工(gong)程中。

 

   4.新型反(fan)井鉆機研制

   2.1 ZFY2.0/400型(xing)(LM-400型(xing))強力反(fan)井鉆機

   為(wei)改變LM系列反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆井(jing)(jing)在煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)、水電(dian)深井(jing)(jing)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)應用的一(yi)些不足之處,北(bei)京中(zhong)煤(mei)(mei)礦山工(gong)程(cheng)有限公司(si)(原煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)科學研究總院北(bei)京建井(jing)(jing)研究所)又(you)研制成(cheng)功ZFY2.0/400型(LM-400型)強力反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機,該機是科技部專項資(zi)金項目。

   2.1.1 ZFY2.0/400型反井鉆機主(zhu)要技術參數為:

 

  (1) 導孔直徑: 270mm

   (2) 擴(kuo)孔最大直徑: 2.0m

   (3) 鉆孔深度: 400m

   (4) 鉆孔傾(qing)角(jiao): 45~90°

   (5) 適用(yong)巖(yan)石: 單軸(zhou)抗壓強度<250MPa

   (6) 額定推(tui)力(li): 1650kN(25 MPa)

   (7) 額(e)定拉力: 2400kN(25 MPa)

   (8) 額定(ding)扭矩(ju): 101.5kNm( 20 MPa)


   2.1.2 ZFY2.0/400 型反井鉆(zhan)機特點:

   (1)該機專門為煤(mei)炭、水(shui)電深井(jing)工程特(te)點(dian)設(she)計,可(ke)以(yi)在堅硬的巖石中施工深度(du)400m,直(zhi)徑φ1.4、φ1.7、φ2.0m多種(zhong)直(zhi)徑的豎(shu)井(jing)和斜井(jing)導井(jing)工程;

   (2)采(cai)用L型主機框架結構,減輕了(le)主機重量,易(yi)于(yu)調節(jie)鉆(zhan)進角度和方位,便于(yu)斜井施(shi)工。主機前后分別(bie)用兩根拉桿固(gu)定(ding),鉆(zhan)架間用較(jiao)大(da)截面型鋼(gang)固(gu)定(ding),具有可靠的穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing);

   (3)擴孔(kong)時(shi),采用(yong)大扭(niu)矩雙液(ye)壓馬達(da)驅動(dong),使鉆(zhan)頭產生較(jiao)大的扭(niu)矩;

   (4)配備高(gao)性(xing)能液壓油(you)過濾、冷卻系統,保證鉆機(ji)液壓系統能夠長時(shi)間(jian)連續(xu)、穩定(ding)的工(gong)作;

   (5)加長了鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿,減少(shao)裝卸扣(kou)長度,從(cong)而減少(shao)輔助操作時間,提高鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿特別是鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿絲扣(kou)的壽命,雖然鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機高度增加,但是對(dui)于主(zhu)要應(ying)用于深(shen)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進,體積限制較(jiao)小;

   (6)采用全套自備的(de)鉆桿搬運(yun)與裝(zhuang)卸(xie)輔助(zhu)設備,包括液控(kong)小型轉盤吊、液控(kong)機械手、翻(fan)轉架、輔助(zhu)卸(xie)扣裝(zhuang)置等,使鉆桿的(de)裝(zhuang)卸(xie)靈(ling)活、準確、操(cao)縱(zong)機械化。

 

  2.1.3 ZFY2.0/400型反(fan)井鉆機(ji)實際應用

 

  (1)ZFY2.0/400型(LM-400型)反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)設計完(wan)成后投入加工生產,2002年(nian)9月(yue)18日(ri)出廠驗收,2003年(nian)初運到瑯琊山抽水蓄(xu)能電站,對鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)循環系統進(jin)行(xing)(xing)配套;施工鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)基礎;進(jin)行(xing)(xing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)安裝、調(diao)平找正、澆(jiao)注地(di)(di)(di)腳螺(luo)栓(shuan);鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)是運轉(zhuan);整(zheng)個系統試運轉(zhuan);導孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin);處(chu)理(li)不良地(di)(di)(di)層;拆到孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭;接擴孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭;擴孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin);拆機(ji)(ji)。完(wan)成了直徑1.4m、深(shen)度148.3m的地(di)(di)(di)下廠房排煙豎(shu)井(jing),其中導孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)時(shi)間12天,包括處(chu)理(li)不良地(di)(di)(di)層4天,擴孔(kong)(kong)時(shi)間10天。

   (2)宜興抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)站(zhan)位于(yu)江蘇省宜興市境內的西南郊10km處的銅官山區(qu),電(dian)站(zhan)安(an)(an)裝4臺(tai)單機容量(liang)為(wei)250MW的可逆式發電(dian)機組,總裝機容量(liang)為(wei)100MW。電(dian)站(zhan)樞紐主(zhu)要由上水庫、輸水系統(tong)、地下廠(chang)房(fang)系統(tong)、地面開(kai)(kai)關站(zhan)、下水庫及補水工程等(deng)建筑物組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)站(zhan)建設開(kai)(kai)工后(hou),廠(chang)頂(ding)交通(tong)洞施工到位后(hou),可以開(kai)(kai)始廠(chang)房(fang)排煙(yan)豎(shu)井(jing)施工,以便廠(chang)房(fang)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)階段通(tong)風(feng)。首先完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)排煙(yan)豎(shu)井(jing)上口明挖(wa)施工,開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)到較完整、風(feng)化程度低(di)的巖石,施工鉆(zhan)機基礎和循環(huan)池,然(ran)后(hou)安(an)(an)裝鉆(zhan)機,最后(hou)鉆(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)徑1.4m、深(shen)度218m的地下廠(chang)房(fang)排煙(yan)豎(shu)井(jing)。

 

  2.2 LM-300型(xing)反井(jing)鉆機

 

  LM-300型(xing)反井鉆機(ji)和LM-400型(xing)設(she)計側(ce)重點不同,后(hou)者(zhe)主要(yao)針對地面條件(jian)下施(shi)工(gong)深井,前者(zhe)是在水(shui)電建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)用普遍的(de)LM-200型(xing)反井鉆機(ji)替代產(chan)品,解決LM-200型(xing)反井鉆機(ji)能力偏低的(de)缺(que)點,仍(reng)保留(liu)體積小、重量輕、搬(ban)遷移動方便的(de)特點,具有更強(qiang)的(de)適應(ying)性。主要(yao)技術參數為(wei): 

   (1) 導孔直(zhi)徑: 216mm

   (2) 擴孔最大(da)直徑: 1.4m

   (3) 鉆孔深度: 300m

   (4) 鉆(zhan)孔傾角: 50~90°

        (5) 適用巖石(shi): 單軸抗壓強度<200MPa

   (6) 額定(ding)推力: 320kN(25 MPa)

   (7) 額(e)定拉力(li): 1256kN(25 MPa)

   (8) 額(e)定扭矩(ju): 50kN.m(20 MPa)

 

  2.3 破巖滾刀

 

  破巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao)是反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)及反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)技術關鍵,特別是硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)破巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao)研(yan)(yan)制,技術難(nan)度(du)(du)更大(da)。2003年水電(dian)電(dian)站建設(she)的大(da)力發展,其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)選址在堅硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石中(zhong),如(ru)山(shan)東泰(tai)(tai)安(an)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站、四川自一里電(dian)站、吉林白山(shan)電(dian)站、福建穆陽溪電(dian)站等(deng)多為花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地層,巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石堅硬,單軸(zhou)抗壓強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)達到250MPa,泰(tai)(tai)安(an)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)抗壓強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)達到310MPa,這(zhe)類巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石石英(ying)、長石等(deng)磨粒性強(qiang)(qiang)的礦物含量(liang)在70%以上(shang)(shang)。專為煤炭軟巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以及中(zhong)硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao)已(yi)不能滿足施工(gong)需要,在泰(tai)(tai)安(an)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站是用(yong)普通滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao),其(qi)壽(shou)命只有5-10m,工(gong)效非常(chang)低,破巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)刀(dao)(dao)具費用(yong)達到每(mei)米一萬元以上(shang)(shang),這(zhe)樣反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)將無法作(zuo)為工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)備應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。為此,進行(xing)了滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao)技術科技攻關,研(yan)(yan)制出特殊(shu)的硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao),在泰(tai)(tai)安(an)工(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)命達到125m以上(shang)(shang),并經(jing)多個電(dian)站不同巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石條件應(ying)(ying)用(yong)實踐,硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀(dao)(dao)可(ke)以滿足不同工(gong)程(cheng)需要,解決了硬巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地層中(zhong)鉆(zhan)進反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)的難(nan)題。

 

  5.結語

 

  隨著我國(guo)能(neng)源開發需要,煤炭、水電、冶金(jin)等有(you)大量地下工程,反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機的應用(yong)范圍將日益(yi)擴展。LM-300和LM-400型反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機的研制,極(ji)硬巖滾(gun)刀的在泰安抽水蓄能(neng)電鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的成(cheng)功應用(yong),使(shi)反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機能(neng)夠較高效的破(po)碎巖石,提(ti)高了(le)反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機功效,降低了(le)工程成(cheng)本(ben)。今(jin)后應加強對深井(jing)反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)工藝(yi)的研究(jiu),使(shi)反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機在地下工程建設中發揮(hui)更大作用(yong)。


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