水(shui)(shui)源井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、地(di)(di)熱(re)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、油(you)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、鹽鹵井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等管井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)修理作業，近些年除(chu)石(shi)油(you)作業隊對油(you)氣井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)大(da)修工程外。當地(di)(di)上說到修井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)都是指地(di)(di)熱(re)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)源井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)修理作業。通常按用處(chu)分(fen)為地(di)(di)質(zhi)普查或勘探鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、水(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、水(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)或工程地(di)(di)質(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、地(di)(di)熱(re)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、煤(mei)田鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、礦田鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、建筑地(di)(di)上鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等。一(yi)般打(da)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機的(de)組(zu)成：柴油(you)機、沖(chong)突離(li)合器、變速(su)箱、分(fen)動(dong)箱、傳動(dong)軸、泥漿(jiang)泵(beng)、清水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)、真空泵(beng)、轉(zhuan)盤(pan)、水(shui)(shui)龍頭、卷揚機、液壓系統、操作組(zu)織、桅桿、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具、車架等。

1、卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)事(shi)端(duan)原(yuan)因及處(chu)理卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)原(yuan)因：卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)是因為(wei)地質因素、鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液功能(neng)不(bu)佳、技術(shu)措施(shi)不(bu)妥等(deng)原(yuan)因而(er)在鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)過(guo)程中產生(sheng)的，使鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)工(gong)具長(chang)期(qi)不(bu)能(neng)自由移(yi)動，這種現象稱為(wei)卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)現象。主要(yao)有粘(zhan)著卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、沉砂(sha)卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、砂(sha)橋卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、井(jing)筒(tong)卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、縮徑卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、泥袋卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、落物(wu)卡(ka)(ka)鉆(zhan)(zhan)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)具掉(diao)落等(deng)。處(chu)理粘(zhan)著事(shi)端(duan)的辦法有：

(1)氣(qi)泡油釋放卡；

(2)振動(dong)器減震(zhen)卡；

(3)反扣套銑削；

(4)爆炸松動；

(5)爆(bao)炸鉆具側鉆新孔等；

2、井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)(bi)失穩(wen)和(he)(he)井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)(bi)塌陷(xian)現象。形成井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)(bi)崩塌的(de)(de)原(yuan)因有：井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)液(ye)(ye)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)力不能平衡地層(ceng)壓(ya)(ya)力；地層(ceng)浸沒在鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，形成水敏脹(zhang)大、決(jue)裂和(he)(he)剝落(luo)；地層(ceng)自身破碎、疏(shu)松、抽汲現象導致(zhi)低井(jing)(jing)(jing)筒壓(ya)(ya)力下(xia)降；在開(kai)(kai)端鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，因為充注鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液(ye)(ye)失效，井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)體柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降；鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液(ye)(ye)停(ting)用時刻(ke)過長(chang)，鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液(ye)(ye)功能產(chan)生(sheng)變化。在開(kai)(kai)孔段長(chang)時刻(ke)，大位移循環等。當井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)(bi)塌陷(xian)嚴重時，會導致(zhi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)筒的(de)(de)復雜性和(he)(he)井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)事端的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)。