1.技術原理

反(fan)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)技(ji)術是通(tong)過使(shi)用旋轉切削(xue)具，在巖石上鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出豎(shu)直的(de)(de)孔(kong)，再通(tong)過孔(kong)中心反(fan)向(xiang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出斜(xie)孔(kong)，形(xing)成(cheng)通(tong)道的(de)(de)技(ji)術。反(fan)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)主(zhu)要用于(yu)大型礦(kuang)山的(de)(de)礦(kuang)體(ti)采準(zhun)巷道、溜井、充填井、通(tong)風(feng)井等的(de)(de)施工(gong)，也可用于(yu)水電、鐵路、國防等工(gong)程的(de)(de)地下施工(gong)。

2.設備構成

反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)主要由主機(ji)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等(deng)部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。其(qi)中，主機(ji)是(shi)反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)的(de)核心(xin)部分(fen)，包(bao)括動力頭(tou)、滾筒、工作臺(tai)等(deng);鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具包(bao)括鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿等(deng);控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)行:液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)過程中的(de)動力;鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負責供給鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，起(qi)到冷卻、潤(run)滑鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)和攜帶巖屑的(de)作用。

3.施工工藝

反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機的(de)施工工藝主要包括(kuo)以(yi)下步驟:首先(xian)，根(gen)據工程需(xu)要選(xuan)擇合(he)適的(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan);其(qi)次，將反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機安裝到(dao)工作面上，調整好位置;然后，啟動(dong)控(kong)制系統(tong)和(he)液壓系統(tong)，使主機開始旋轉，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)開始鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin);接(jie)著(zhu)，通過鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)將巖(yan)屑(xie)排出孔外;最后，完(wan)成鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔后，清理(li)現場并拆卸反井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機。

4.技術特點

反(fan)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機技術(shu)的(de)(de)優點在于(yu):首先，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)快速(su)、準確地(di)完(wan)成(cheng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔作業;其次，由(you)于(yu)采用旋轉切削的(de)(de)方式(shi)，反(fan)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機可(ke)(ke)以(yi)輕松地(di)破碎堅硬(ying)的(de)(de)巖石;再(zai)次，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降低勞動強度，提高工(gong)作效率;最后(hou)，由(you)于(yu)反(fan)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在狹小的(de)(de)空(kong)間內工(gong)作，因此它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)各(ge)種地(di)下工(gong)程。

5.適用范圍

反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)各種地下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，如(ru)大(da)型礦(kuang)(kuang)山的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)體采(cai)準巷(xiang)道(dao)、溜井(jing)(jing)(jing)、充填井(jing)(jing)(jing)、通風(feng)井(jing)(jing)(jing)等的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。此外，反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機還可用(yong)于(yu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)、鐵路(lu)、國防等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)地下(xia)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。在采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)開拓(tuo)和采(cai)準巷(xiang)道(dao)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。由(you)于(yu)采(cai)準巷(xiang)道(dao)斷面小(xiao)，巖石硬度(du)大(da)，因此需要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)具(ju)有較大(da)輸出(chu)扭矩的(de)反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機。在水(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)長斜孔的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，例如(ru)地下(xia)廠房的(de)開挖、尾(wei)水(shui)洞的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)等。在鐵路(lu)和國防工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，反井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆機主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)通道(dao)和通風(feng)井(jing)(jing)(jing)等。

6.發展趨勢

隨著科技的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷發展，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)技術也在不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷進步和(he)(he)(he)完善。未來反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)發展趨勢主要(yao)包括(kuo)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)個方面:首先，高(gao)效能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)將(jiang)成(cheng)為反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)重要(yao)發展方向(xiang)。為了提高(gao)生產效率和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)，需要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷提高(gao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)輸出功(gong)率和(he)(he)(he)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。其次，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化和(he)(he)(he)自動化將(jiang)成(cheng)為反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)重要(yao)發展方向(xiang)。通過(guo)引入智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化和(he)(he)(he)自動化技術，可(ke)以(yi)降低人工成(cheng)本(ben)，提高(gao)工作效率和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)。再次，多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)化和(he)(he)(he)適應性(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)將(jiang)成(cheng)為市場需求(qiu)的(de)(de)熱點。不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)地下(xia)工程(cheng)需要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同類型的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)，因此(ci)需要(yao)開發更多(duo)具有不(bu)(bu)(bu)同功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)以(yi)滿足市場需求(qiu)。

7.國內外現狀

目(mu)前國(guo)內外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)已(yi)經(jing)得到(dao)了廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)和推(tui)廣(guang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)上，國(guo)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機(ji)已(yi)經(jing)占據了一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)份額。國(guo)外(wai)品牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)上也有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)銷售(shou)量。在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang)上，歐洲和美(mei)國(guo)等(deng)發(fa)達國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)已(yi)經(jing)比較成熟，并且得到(dao)了廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。同(tong)時(shi)，一些發(fa)展中國(guo)家(jia)也在(zai)(zai)(zai)積極推(tui)廣(guang)和應(ying)用(yong)反(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)。