天井鉆機井筒施工的應用
隨著煤礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)工(gong)開采技(ji)術水(shui)平的進(jin)步(bu),對于一些風井(jing)(jing)、煤倉(cang)、管道(dao)井(jing)(jing)、通風孔(kong)、暗(an)井(jing)(jing)等井(jing)(jing)筒工(gong)程(cheng)必須提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)速(su)度(du)、井(jing)(jing)筒工(gong)程(cheng)一般采用普通法鑿井(jing)(jing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong),工(gong)人要在(zai)裸露的頂(ding)板下作業,受落(luo)石、沼氣、炮煙(yan)、粉塵的危害,傷(shang)亡事故(gu)時有發生,安全沒保障,而且工(gong)效低(di),采用天井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)結合鉆(zhan)(zhan)爆法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)井(jing)(jing)筒很有推廣意(yi)義。
(1)施工應用
目前天井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)已在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)各大礦(kuang)業集(ji)團(tuan)井(jing)(jing)筒工(gong)程中普遍(bian)應(ying)用(yong),現在(zai)已有幾種(zhong)定型產(chan)品,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝進一步完善成熟,尤其是進入(ru) 21 世紀(ji)國(guo)家鼓勵(li)和支持(chi)特(te)大型反井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機(ji)及其配套鉆(zhan)具的(de)研(yan)制(zhi),應(ying)用(yong)范圍(wei)擴大,除(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)煤倉,暗井(jing)(jing)等(deng)淺孔外(wai),還用(yong)到主井(jing)(jing)、副井(jing)(jing)、風井(jing)(jing)等(deng)工(gong)程,也(ye)用(yong)在(zai)瓦斯抽(chou)放井(jing)(jing),地(di)層泄壓孔的(de)特(te)殊(shu)鉆(zhan)孔工(gong)程,取得較好(hao)效果;應(ying)用(yong)領(ling)域(yu)也(ye)從煤炭系統(tong)(tong)等(deng)地(di)下采礦(kuang)系統(tong)(tong)延伸到水電系統(tong)(tong),交(jiao)通(tong),鐵道(dao),建筑(zhu)的(de)隧道(dao)通(tong)風井(jing)(jing),地(di)下建筑(zhu)物出口施(shi)(shi)工(gong)等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)。
(2)施工準備
檢查施工地點的支護是否完好合格,修建循環水池及圍欄,并在鉆機安裝范圍內施工基座,風,水,排水管路及瓦斯抽放系統延接至打鉆地點,施工附近上下口各安裝一部電話,確保通訊暢通,施工前在施工的鉆孔下風側 3 0 0 mm 50 0 mm范圍內懸掛一個便攜式瓦檢儀,CO 便攜儀,當便攜式瓦檢儀發生報警后,應立即停止施鉆,采取相應措施,待瓦斯小于 0 .5 % 方可繼續施鉆,組織測量人員做好接點復測工作,按導線,水準點進行全面復核校驗,進行井口十字基樁的布設。
(3)天井鉆機施工方法
天(tian)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)是連續鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)導(dao)井的機(ji)械化設(she)備,施工工藝是天(tian)井鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)安裝在上(shang)部澆筑好的混凝土基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),由(you)上(shang)向下(xia)(xia)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)小直徑(jing)導(dao)向孔(kong);導(dao)孔(kong)和下(xia)(xia)部巷道貫通(tong)后(hou),拆(chai)掉導(dao)孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭,連接擴孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭,由(you)下(xia)(xia)向上(shang)擴孔(kong),導(dao)孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)時破碎下(xia)(xia)來的巖屑由(you)循環液帶出(chu)地面(mian),擴孔(kong)時破碎下(xia)(xia)來的巖屑靠(kao)自重落到下(xia)(xia)水平,由(you)耙矸機(ji)配合溜(liu)子(zi)上(shang)皮帶運(yun)出(chu)。
(4)天井鉆機施工井筒的啟示
對于改擴建和某些下水平有生產系統的礦井,可以利用天井鉆機鉆井結合鉆爆法施工井筒,工藝主要包括用天井鉆井和爆破法刷大,這種方法充分利用天井鉆機施工小直(zhi)徑鉆(zhan)孔速度快(kuai)、質(zhi)量(liang)好、鉆(zhan)眼爆破法(fa)(fa)破巖(yan)效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)等特(te)點(dian),實現井(jing)筒快(kuai)速施工(gong)(gong)(gong),這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(和(he)普通法(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝比較)有以下優點(dian):施工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全,工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)高(gao)(突出表現在破巖(yan)和(he)裝(zhuang)巖(yan)方面),井(jing)壁質(zhi)量(liang)高(gao),勞(lao)動強(qiang)度小,節省通風和(he)排水(shui)設備,降(jiang)低成(cheng)本,提高(gao)掘進速度。