反井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)在20世紀五十(shi)到六十(shi)年代出現在美國(guo)和德(de)國(guo)采礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)領域，它是將隧(sui)道掘進機(ji)(ji)和鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)法鑿(zao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)結合(he)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山地(di)下(xia)(xia)暗井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、溜井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)倉等導井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。我(wo)國(guo)在八十(shi)年代將反井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)地(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，反井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，到目(mu)前反井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)先后(hou)在國(guo)內各大(da)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)務局（礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)業集團公司），十(shi)幾個水電站(zhan)和抽水蓄(xu)能電站(zhan)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)應用(yong)，豎井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)深(shen)度(du)(du)可達(da)316m，斜井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)長度(du)(du)可達(da)236m（傾角50度(du)(du)），由(you)于(yu)(yu)反井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術具有(you)安全、快速、高質量等優勢，得到地(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設者的(de)歡(huan)迎。

反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機導井(jing)法主要利(li)(li)用(yong)反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)進原理：由(you)電(dian)機帶動(dong)(dong)液(ye)壓(ya)馬達，煤礦反(fan)井(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機施工隊(dui)，利(li)(li)用(yong)液(ye)壓(ya)動(dong)(dong)力(li)將(jiang)扭矩傳(chuan)遞給(gei)鉆(zhan)(zhan)具系統，帶動(dong)(dong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)具旋轉，并向(xiang)上(shang)、下升降，采(cai)用(yong)鐮(lian)齒盤形滾(gun)刀破(po)巖(yan)，滾(gun)刀在鉆(zhan)(zhan)壓(ya)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下沿井(jing)底滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)，從(cong)而對巖(yan)石產生沖擊，擠壓(ya)和剪切作(zuo)用(yong)，使其(qi)破(po)碎。  導孔（Ф216mm）施工時排(pai)(pai)碴(cha)：采(cai)用(yong)泥漿泵將(jiang)高壓(ya)洗井(jing)液(ye)注入鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿內，再(zai)從(cong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭的(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)孔壓(ya)出，將(jiang)石碴(cha)從(cong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿與(yu)孔壁間(jian)的(de)環行(xing)空間(jian)排(pai)(pai)至排(pai)(pai)碴(cha)槽。  導孔貫通后在下平(ping)洞(dong)將(jiang)導孔鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭卸下，并安裝Ф1.4m擴(kuo)孔鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭，再(zai)由(you)下向(xiang)上(shang)擴(kuo)孔。擴(kuo)孔時的(de)石碴(cha)經(jing)過(guo)冷卻水(shui)的(de)沖刷和自重墜(zhui)落(luo)到下平(ping)洞(dong)。