反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)導(dao)(dao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是先(xian)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)導(dao)(dao)孔(kong), 導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin) 時間和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量雖(sui)占總工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量很(hen)(hen)少部分, 但卻關系到 導(dao)(dao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)敗。導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)斜(xie)也就是擴(kuo)孔(kong)后整個導(dao)(dao) 井(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)斜(xie), 特別是對于(yu)(yu)深(shen)孔(kong)和(he)斜(xie)孔(kong), 偏(pian)斜(xie)更易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng), 必須認真研究, 在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)給予足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)。影響導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)精度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)很(hen)(hen)多, 如地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)結構、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具布(bu) 置、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)參(can)數(shu)選擇和(he)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術水平等。 反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)和(he)石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)有相(xiang)似之(zhi)處(chu): 鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 孔(kong)直徑都(dou)在(zai) 200~ 350mm, 反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭是 石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑲齒(chi)三牙輪硬(ying)巖鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭; 兩者(zhe)也有許 多不(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)處(chu): 反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)深(shen)遠(yuan)小于(yu)(yu)石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing), 而且 鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)精度(du)(du)要(yao)求非常高(gao), 一(yi)般石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)斜(xie)糾 偏(pian)設備都(dou)很(hen)(hen)難直接用(yong)(yong)在(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)。因此, 必須認 真分析(xi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)條件, 確定鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具布(bu)置, 制(zhi)(zhi)定需采用(yong)(yong) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)參(can)數(shu), 并對鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)過(guo)程中(zhong)可(ke)能發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong) 質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故(gu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)預測(ce), 作(zuo)(zuo)到心中(zhong)有數(shu)。在(zai)實際鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong) 中(zhong), 應對參(can)加施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)培訓, 使其(qi)全面(mian)掌握所制(zhi)(zhi) 定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)方案, 并高(gao)度(du)(du)重視(shi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)安裝、開孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)參(can)數(shu)控制(zhi)(zhi)、復雜地(di)(di)層通過(guo)等重要(yao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)序, 以(yi)減(jian)少 影響鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)質(zhi)(zhi)量事(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng), 保證鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出高(gao)精度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)。 90 變(bian)態混凝(ning)土(tu)隨同(tong)完成(cheng), 變(bian)態混凝(ning)土(tu)相(xiang)鄰(lin)碾(nian)壓條帶 (凈寬 126m )在(zai)變(bian)態混凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)后碾(nian)壓。 變(bian)態混凝(ning)土(tu)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)上下游面(mian)模板邊、止水埋 設處(chu)、廊(lang)道周邊、岸坡、其(qi)它孔(kong)口周邊以(yi)及振動(dong)碾(nian)碾(nian) 壓不(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方等。

反井鉆機(ji)施(shi)工導井的技術關(guan)鍵(jian)

　　( 1)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)配(pei)制(zhi)。碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan) 集中拌(ban)制(zhi)。本工程(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)先后(hou)分(fen)三處設置, 個(ge) 制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)設在(zai) 5號臨(lin)時(shi)道路(lu)旁 450m 高程(cheng)(cheng), 負責(ze) 450m 高程(cheng)(cheng)以下變(bian)態混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供應(ying)(ying)。在(zai)圍(wei)堰上(shang)升至 450m 高程(cheng)(cheng)后(hou), 將制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)移至左岸(an)坡腳(jiao)新修臨(lin)時(shi)道路(lu) 旁 460m 高程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)平臺上(shang), 負責(ze) 450~ 460m 高程(cheng)(cheng)的 變(bian)態混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供應(ying)(ying)。在(zai)圍(wei)堰上(shang)升至 460m 高 程(cheng)(cheng)后(hou), 再(zai)將制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)移至右(you)岸(an) 563m 高程(cheng)(cheng)的引水平臺, 負責(ze) 460m 高程(cheng)(cheng)以上(shang)的變(bian)態混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供應(ying)(ying)。 水泥(ni)粉(fen)煤灰凈(jing)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)按照(zhao)試驗(yan)室配(pei)料(liao)單由專人配(pei) 制(zhi), 變(bian)態混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)摻用(yong)的水泥(ni)粉(fen)煤灰凈(jing)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水灰比為 0?5?1。

　　( 2)運輸與儲(chu)存(cun)。在 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以(yi)下所需(xu)(xu)漿(jiang)液(ye) 從制漿(jiang)站用(yong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)泵經高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸漿(jiang)管壓(ya)入倉面直接攤 鋪, 在 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以(yi)上所需(xu)(xu)漿(jiang)液(ye)從制漿(jiang)站用(yong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)泵 經高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸漿(jiang)管壓(ya)入停(ting)施(shi)在倉面內(nei)的(de)鋪漿(jiang)車的(de)儲(chu)漿(jiang)桶 內(nei)儲(chu)存(cun)待用(yong)。

　　( 3)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)。變態(tai)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)隨著碾(nian)壓混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆筑逐 層施(shi)工, 其(qi)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)層厚(hou)度(du)與平倉厚(hou)度(du)相同(tong)。當鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)筑層厚(hou) 為 34cm 時, 分(fen) 2次攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu), 每次攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu) 17cm 厚(hou)。在第 一層鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)筑好的(de)層面(mian)上鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)設一層水(shui)泥(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈(jing)漿(jiang), 體(ti) 積為變態(tai)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)中設計摻(chan)量的(de)一半, 其(qi)上繼續攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu) 第二層碾(nian)壓混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu), 合格后再均(jun)(jun)勻攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)另外一半水(shui) 泥(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈(jing)漿(jiang)于層面(mian)上。 水(shui)泥(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈(jing)漿(jiang)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)速度(du)應與碾(nian)壓混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de) 攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)速度(du)相適(shi)應, 在漿(jiang)液(ye)的(de)儲存(cun)、摻(chan)入、攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)過程中, 應對漿(jiang)液(ye)進行不停的(de)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌, 以保證漿(jiang)液(ye)的(de)均(jun)(jun)勻性。 漿(jiang)液(ye)自攪(jiao)(jiao)拌到(dao)摻(chan)灑、振搗在 1h內完成(cheng)。

　　( 4)振搗(dao)。漿(jiang)液摻入碾壓混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)內 10~ 15m in 后(hou)開始振搗(dao), 采用(yong)與常態混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)同樣的大功率(lv)振搗(dao) 器將碾壓混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)漿(jiang)液的混合物(wu)振搗(dao)均勻(yun)密(mi)實(shi); 層(ceng)(ceng) 面連續上升時(shi)(shi), 澆筑上層(ceng)(ceng)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)(shi)振搗(dao)器應深(shen)入下 層(ceng)(ceng)變態混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)內 5~ 10cm, 振搗(dao)器拔出時(shi)(shi), 混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)表(biao) 面無孔洞, 振搗(dao)時(shi)(shi)間以(yi)振搗(dao)后(hou)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)表(biao)面完(wan)全(quan)泛漿(jiang) 為(wei)準。

　　( 5)加漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量的(de)(de)確定。根據不(bu)同加漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量對變(bian)(bian)(bian)態(tai)混 凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)振實時(shi)間、強(qiang)度、變(bian)(bian)(bian)形、耐(nai)久性及溫控(kong)等的(de)(de)影響, 選擇(ze)各項技術指標(biao)均滿足設計(ji)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)加漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量作為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian) 態(tai)混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)加漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝試驗。本工(gong)(gong)程變(bian)(bian)(bian)態(tai)混凝 土(tu)(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)時(shi), 水泥粉(fen)煤灰(hui)凈(jing)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)摻量按碾壓混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)量的(de)(de) 4% ~ 6%控(kong)制變(bian)(bian)(bian)態(tai)混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)中摻漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量, 現場水泥粉(fen)煤 灰(hui)凈(jing)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)容重標(biao)準檢測值為(wei) 1?7t/m 3 。變(bian)(bian)(bian)態(tai)混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)坍(tan) 落度控(kong)制在 0~ 3cm 以內。

　　(6)結合(he)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。變(bian)(bian)態(tai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土與(yu)碾(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning) 土的(de)結合(he)部(bu)位(wei), 在變(bian)(bian)態(tai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)完成后, 用(yong)(yong)小碾(nian)碾(nian) 壓(ya)密實并保證倉面平整。相鄰區域混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土碾(nian)壓(ya)時與(yu) 變(bian)(bian)態(tai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土區域搭接寬(kuan)度大于(yu) 20cm。在止(zhi)(zhi)水埋設(she) 處(chu)的(de)變(bian)(bian)態(tai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong), 采取(qu)措施(shi)(shi)妥善保護止(zhi)(zhi) 水設(she)施(shi)(shi)不致變(bian)(bian)位(wei), 對該部(bu)位(wei)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土中(zhong)的(de)大骨料應采 用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)(gong)予以合(he)理剔除。振搗應仔細謹慎, 以免(mian)產(chan)生 任何滲水通道。