通(tong)過鉆孔(kong)機的(de)電(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)液壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)機工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)機器叫做天井鉆機。 液壓(ya)(ya)馬達驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)力單元，扭矩通(tong)過液壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)(dong)力傳(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)鉆井工(gong)具系統，該動(dong)(dong)力驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)鉆桿(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)鉆頭(tou)(tou)旋(xuan)轉。 鉆頭(tou)(tou)上(shang)的(de)滾(gun)(gun)刀受鉆壓(ya)(ya)，沿井底巖石工(gong)作(zuo)面的(de)純滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)微(wei)滑動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)。 同時，主缸產生的(de)軸向拉力和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)力也通(tong)過動(dong)(dong)力頭(tou)(tou)，鉆桿(gan)(gan)作(zuo)用(yong)在鉆頭(tou)(tou)上(shang)，使鉆頭(tou)(tou)的(de)滾(gun)(gun)刀在鉆壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)，產生沖(chong)擊載荷，使滾(gun)(gun)刀齒撞擊并擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)巖石；通(tong)過擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)剪切，打破巖石。

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??在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法中(zhong)，需要工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員在(zai)(zai)(zai)井(jing)(jing)眼各段進(jin)行排渣，支撐和其他操(cao)作(zuo)。與傳統(tong)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法相(xiang)比，天井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機技術具(ju)有以下優點，可(ke)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度：煤石(shi)的(de)排泄是(shi)由較(jiao)(jiao)低巷道的(de)運(yun)輸(shu)系統(tong)處理的(de)，特別是(shi)當井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)較(jiao)(jiao)深時(shi)，天井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機的(de)效率更高(gao)；由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)無(wu)需人員進(jin)入(ru)井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)，井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)穿過的(de)巖(yan)性為(wei)致(zhi)密的(de)砂巖(yan)和石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)，因(yin)此(ci)無(wu)需及時(shi)支撐墻體以防止受傷。

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??傳統的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法包括鉆(zhan)孔，爆(bao)破，支撐等，勞(lao)動(dong)強度大(da)(da)，勞(lao)動(dong)條件(jian)艱苦(ku)。以某礦為(wei)例，每班(ban)12人(ren)以上，每班(ban)前進(jin)速(su)度2m。使(shi)用(yong)天(tian)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機時(shi)，每班(ban)只需4-5人(ren)，前進(jin)速(su)度為(wei)每小(xiao)時(shi)100m，勞(lao)動(dong)強度和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(jian)得到根(gen)本改善。因為(wei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員不用(yong)進(jin)入井(jing)(jing)中，所以他們的(de)安(an)全(quan)是有保證的(de)。使(shi)用(yong)天(tian)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)機時(shi)可以使(shi)井(jing)(jing)洞變形率(lv)小(xiao)于1%，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少了對圍巖的(de)破壞(huai)，保證了安(an)全(quan)。