采煤機簡單介紹：

采煤機(ji)是(shi)綜采成套裝備的(de)主(zhu)要設備之一  。采煤機(ji)是(shi)從截煤機(ji)發展演變(bian)而(er)來。采煤機(ji)是(shi)一個(ge)集機(ji)械(xie)、電氣和液壓為一體的(de)大型復雜系統(tong)，工(gong)作環境惡劣，如(ru)果出現故(gu)障將(jiang)會導致整個(ge)采煤工(gong)作的(de)中斷，造成巨大的(de)經濟(ji)損失。

采煤機是實現煤礦(kuang)生產機械化和現代(dai)化的重(zhong)要設備之一。機械化采煤可以減輕體力勞動、提(ti)高安(an)全性，達(da)到(dao)高產量、高效率、低消(xiao)耗的目(mu)的。

在長壁采煤(mei)工作(zuo)面(mian)，以工作(zuo)機(ji)構把煤(mei)從煤(mei)體上破落(luo)下(xia)來(lai)(破煤(mei)) 并(bing)裝入工作(zuo)面(mian)輸(shu)送機(ji)(裝煤(mei))的(de)采煤(mei)機(ji)械。采煤(mei)機(ji)按調定(ding)的(de)牽(qian)引(yin)速度行走(zou)(牽(qian)引(yin))，使破煤(mei)和(he)裝煤(mei)工序能夠連續不(bu)斷地進行 

采煤機結構:

采煤機(ji)一般由截割部(bu)、裝載部(bu)、行走(zou)部(bu) (牽引部(bu))、電動機(ji)、操(cao)作(zuo)控制系統和輔(fu)助(zhu)裝置(zhi)等(deng)部(bu)分組(zu)成  。

截割部

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)驅動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)的總稱(cheng)。當(dang)截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)由專用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)也包括(kuo)截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)是直接實現截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、破碎等主要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)的部(bu)(bu)件。其(qi)(qi)(qi)上裝有截(jie)(jie)(jie)齒，截(jie)(jie)(jie)齒將(jiang)煤從煤體上破落(luo)下來。有些(xie)采(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)為了形(xing)成所要(yao)(yao)求的截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)斷面形(xing)狀，除了一(yi)個(ge)主要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)外，還有一(yi)個(ge)或(huo)幾個(ge)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)往往兼有把破落(luo)下來的煤塊裝入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面輸(shu)送機(ji)(ji)的功能(neng)，使用(yong)這類(lei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的采(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)就不再需(xu)要(yao)(yao)單(dan)獨的裝載部(bu)(bu)。機(ji)(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)用(yong)來將(jiang)動(dong)(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，以滿足其(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式、運(yun)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)向和(he)截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)速度大小(xiao)的要(yao)(yao)求。機(ji)(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)通常采(cai)用(yong)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)般在使用(yong)過程中不能(neng)變速，但備(bei)有專門的換速齒輪(lun)副，供(gong)安裝時(shi)更換，以滿足截(jie)(jie)(jie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)速度的要(yao)(yao)求。機(ji)(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)根據結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)可由一(yi)個(ge)或(huo)多個(ge)箱體組成  。

裝載部

把工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)破落下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)煤塊裝(zhuang)入工(gong)作面輸送機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)部件(jian)。在(zai)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)不能兼有(you)裝(zhuang)煤功能的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，設置(zhi)(zhi)獨立的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)載(zai)部。裝(zhuang)載(zai)部一般(ban)包括(kuo)裝(zhuang)載(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)裝(zhuang)載(zai)部有(you)專用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時，也包括(kuo)裝(zhuang)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。裝(zhuang)載(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)也可(ke)以由截割部的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)驅動(dong) ; 。

行走部

又(you)稱牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)部，行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)(牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin))機(ji)構及其(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)總稱。行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)機(ji)構又(you)稱牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)機(ji)構，是行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)部的(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構。它的(de)結構形式(shi)主(zhu)要有(you)鋼絲(si)繩—卷(juan)繩筒、鋼絲(si)繩—摩擦卷(juan)筒、牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)鏈—鏈輪(lun)和無(wu)鏈牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)軌—行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)輪(lun)四種(zhong)。前兩(liang)種(zhong)使用(yong)于早期的(de)采(cai)煤(mei)機(ji)，牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)力小，牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度低(di)，使用(yong)壽命短，安全性差。現代采(cai)煤(mei)機(ji)都采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)鏈牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)包括調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)和機(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)用(yong)來(lai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度和變換牽(qian)(qian)(qian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)方向，有(you)機(ji)械調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)、液(ye)壓調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)和電氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)三種(zhong)。機(ji)械調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)以機(ji)械方式(shi)來(lai)實(shi)現調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)，如(ru)棘輪(lun)插爪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，摩擦片脈(mo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)。它常和機(ji)械傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)結合在一起，其(qi)輸出軸的(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)往(wang)往(wang)是不均勻的(de)，這(zhe)種(zhong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)方式(shi)僅在早期的(de)采(cai)煤(mei)機(ji)上(shang)使用(yong)。液(ye)壓調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)以液(ye)壓傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)來(lai)實(shi)現調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)，如(ru)變量(liang)泵一定量(liang)馬(ma)達(da)、變量(liang)泵—變量(liang)馬(ma)達(da)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)。電氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)以電氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)來(lai)實(shi)現調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)，如(ru)直流調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和交流變頻調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)。液(ye)壓調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)和電氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)都是無(wu)級調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)一般是獨立的(de)。現代采(cai)煤(mei)機(ji)都采(cai)用(yong)電氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)   。

電動機

整臺(tai)采(cai)(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)幾個主要(yao)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)共用一(yi)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動時，電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)才成為采(cai)(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)獨立(li)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)，該電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)往(wang)往(wang)稱為主電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)。主電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般是(shi)兩端都有輸出軸(zhou)，一(yi)端驅(qu)動截割部(bu)(bu)，另一(yi)端驅(qu)動行(xing)走部(bu)(bu)，外形呈箱形結構，用緊固螺栓與相鄰部(bu)(bu)件(jian)連接形成采(cai)(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身部(bu)(bu)分。電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)必須(xu)防(fang)爆。現代采(cai)(cai)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)都是(shi)水(shui)冷式，多數采(cai)(cai)用定子水(shui)冷方式  。

操作控制系統

操(cao)作控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制采(cai)煤機的(de)電源(動力源)和(he)工況狀態的(de)系統。按(an)系統的(de)工作原理(li)分為機械(xie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制、液壓控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制和(he)電氣控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制三(san)種(zhong)。按(an)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式分為就機控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制、直視遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)巷道控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制三(san)種(zhong)  。

輔助裝置

不同(tong)結構型式(shi)的采煤機需要配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)種(zhong)相應的輔助(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。常(chang)用(yong)的輔助(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有：降(集)塵系統；供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和供(gong)水管的拖纜(lan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；各(ge)種(zhong)安全保(bao)護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)   。