反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)導井(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝是先(xian)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)導孔(kong)(kong)(kong), 導孔(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin) 時間和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)雖(sui)占總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)很少部分(fen)(fen), 但卻關系到導井(jing)(jing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)敗。導孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)斜也就是擴孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后整個導 井(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)斜, 特別是對(dui)于(yu)深(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)和斜孔(kong)(kong)(kong), 偏(pian)斜更易發生(sheng), 必(bi)須認真研究, 在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中給予足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)。影響導孔(kong)(kong)(kong)精(jing)(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素很多, 如地(di)質條(tiao)件(jian)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)結構、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具布 置、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)參數選擇和操作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術水平等。 反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)導孔(kong)(kong)(kong)和石(shi)油鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)有相(xiang)似(si)之處: 鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 孔(kong)(kong)(kong)直徑都(dou)在(zai)(zai) 200~ 350mm, 反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭是 石(shi)油鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑲齒三牙輪(lun)硬巖(yan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭; 兩者(zhe)也有許 多不同(tong)之處: 反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)遠(yuan)小于(yu)石(shi)油鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing), 而(er)且 鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)精(jing)(jing)度要求非常高(gao), 一般(ban)石(shi)油鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)斜糾 偏(pian)設(she)備都(dou)很難直接用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)井(jing)(jing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)井(jing)(jing)中。因(yin)此, 必(bi)須認 真分(fen)(fen)析鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質條(tiao)件(jian), 確定鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具布置, 制定需(xu)采用(yong)(yong) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)參數, 并對(dui)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)過程中可能(neng)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong) 質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故進(jin)行(xing)預測(ce), 作(zuo)(zuo)到心中有數。在(zai)(zai)實際鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong) 中, 應(ying)對(dui)參加施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)培訓, 使其全面(mian)掌(zhang)握所(suo)制 定的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案, 并高(gao)度重視(shi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)、開孔(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 進(jin)參數控制、復雜地(di)層通過等重要鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序, 以減少 影響鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)質量(liang)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng), 保證鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)。 90 變(bian)態混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)隨(sui)同(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng), 變(bian)態混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)相(xiang)鄰碾壓條(tiao)帶(dai) (凈寬(kuan) 1?6m )在(zai)(zai)變(bian)態混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)后碾壓。 變(bian)態混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)上下游面(mian)模板邊、止水埋(mai) 設(she)處、廊道周邊、岸坡、其它(ta)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)口(kou)周邊以及振(zhen)動碾碾 壓不到的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方等。

反井鉆機(ji)施工導(dao)井的(de)技術關(guan)鍵

　　( 1)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)配制(zhi)。碾壓(ya)混凝土(tu)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)在(zai)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)(zhan) 集中(zhong)拌制(zhi)。本工程(cheng)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)(zhan)先后分三處設置, 個(ge)(ge) 制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)(zhan)設在(zai) 5號臨時(shi)道路(lu)旁 450m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng), 負(fu)(fu)責(ze) 450m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以下變態混凝土(tu)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)供應(ying)。在(zai)圍堰上(shang)升至 450m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)后, 將(jiang)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)(zhan)移至左岸坡腳新修臨時(shi)道路(lu) 旁 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)平臺上(shang), 負(fu)(fu)責(ze) 450~ 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)的 變態混凝土(tu)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)供應(ying)。在(zai)圍堰上(shang)升至 460m 高(gao)(gao) 程(cheng)后, 再將(jiang)制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)站(zhan)(zhan)移至右岸 563m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)的引水(shui)(shui)平臺, 負(fu)(fu)責(ze) 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以上(shang)的變態混凝土(tu)水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)供應(ying)。 水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)粉煤灰凈漿(jiang)(jiang)按照試驗室配料單由專人配 制(zhi), 變態混凝土(tu)摻用的水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)粉煤灰凈漿(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)灰比為 0?5?1。

　　( 2)運輸(shu)與儲存。在(zai) 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以下所需漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液 從制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站用灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)泵(beng)經高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管壓(ya)入倉面直(zhi)接攤 鋪(pu), 在(zai) 460m 高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以上所需漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液從制(zhi)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)站用灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)泵(beng) 經高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管壓(ya)入停施在(zai)倉面內(nei)的(de)鋪(pu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)車的(de)儲漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)桶 內(nei)儲存待(dai)用。

　　( 3)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)。變(bian)態(tai)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)隨著碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)逐 層(ceng)施工, 其鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)與平倉厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)相同。當鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)筑(zhu)(zhu)層(ceng)厚(hou) 為(wei) 34cm 時, 分 2次(ci)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu), 每次(ci)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu) 17cm 厚(hou)。在第 一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)筑(zhu)(zhu)好(hao)的層(ceng)面上(shang)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)設(she)(she)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang), 體 積為(wei)變(bian)態(tai)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中設(she)(she)計摻量的一(yi)(yi)半(ban), 其上(shang)繼續攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu) 第二(er)層(ceng)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu), 合格(ge)后再(zai)均勻(yun)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)另(ling)外一(yi)(yi)半(ban)水(shui) 泥(ni)(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)于層(ceng)面上(shang)。 水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)粉煤(mei)灰凈漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)的速度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)與碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的 攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)速度(du)(du)(du)相適應(ying)(ying), 在漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液的儲存、摻入、攤(tan)鋪(pu)(pu)(pu)過程中, 應(ying)(ying)對(dui)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液進行不停的攪(jiao)拌(ban), 以保證漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液的均勻(yun)性。 漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液自攪(jiao)拌(ban)到(dao)摻灑、振搗在 1h內完成。

　　( 4)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)。漿液摻入(ru)碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)內 10~ 15m in 后開始振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao), 采用與常態混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)同(tong)樣的(de)大功率振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao) 器(qi)將(jiang)碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)和漿液的(de)混(hun)合物振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)均勻密(mi)實(shi); 層 面連續上(shang)升時, 澆(jiao)筑上(shang)層混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)時振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)器(qi)應深(shen)入(ru)下 層變(bian)態混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)內 5~ 10cm, 振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)器(qi)拔(ba)出時, 混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)表(biao) 面無孔洞, 振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)時間以振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)后混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)表(biao)面完全(quan)泛(fan)漿 為(wei)準。

　　( 5)加(jia)(jia)漿量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)確定(ding)。根據不同加(jia)(jia)漿量(liang)(liang)(liang)對變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混(hun) 凝(ning)土(tu)振實時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、強度(du)、變(bian)形、耐久性及溫控等的(de)影響, 選(xuan)擇(ze)各項技術指(zhi)標均滿足(zu)設計要求的(de)加(jia)(jia)漿量(liang)(liang)(liang)作為變(bian) 態(tai)(tai)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)加(jia)(jia)漿量(liang)(liang)(liang)進行工藝試驗(yan)。本工程變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混(hun)凝(ning) 土(tu)施(shi)工時(shi)(shi), 水(shui)泥(ni)粉(fen)煤灰凈(jing)漿摻(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按碾(nian)壓混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de) 4% ~ 6%控制(zhi)變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)中摻(chan)漿量(liang)(liang)(liang), 現場水(shui)泥(ni)粉(fen)煤 灰凈(jing)漿容(rong)重(zhong)標準檢測值為 1?7t/m 3 。變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)坍 落度(du)控制(zhi)在 0~ 3cm 以(yi)內。

　　(6)結合部位(wei)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)。變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)與(yu)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)混凝(ning) 土(tu)(tu)的(de)結合部位(wei), 在變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)工(gong)完成后, 用小碾(nian)(nian)碾(nian)(nian) 壓(ya)(ya)密實(shi)并保證倉面平整(zheng)。相鄰區(qu)域混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)與(yu) 變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)區(qu)域搭接寬度大于(yu) 20cm。在止水埋設(she) 處的(de)變(bian)態(tai)(tai)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中, 采(cai)取措(cuo)施(shi)妥善保護止 水設(she)施(shi)不(bu)致(zhi)變(bian)位(wei), 對(dui)該(gai)部位(wei)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)中的(de)大骨料應(ying)采(cai) 用人工(gong)予以(yi)合理剔除(chu)。振搗(dao)應(ying)仔細(xi)謹慎, 以(yi)免產生(sheng) 任何滲水通(tong)道。